Eamonn Faherty

Background Reading
The factory method pattern

The Problem?
You have a complex object, which has a lot of arguments in its constructor or you always want to construct the object using different sets of parameters.

Examples?
Socket Manager

How?
The constructor of my complex object:

public function ComplicatedButton(colour:uint, mouseOverColour:uint, mouseOutColour:uint) {
	_mouseOverColour = mouseOverColour;
	_mouseOutColour = mouseOutColour;
	setUpGraphics(colour);
addEventListeners();
}

The using of the creation method:

var redButton : ComplicatedButton = ComplicatedButton.getRedButton();
var blueButton : ComplicatedButton = ComplicatedButton.getBlueButton();

Why is it good?
• It is easy to understand; it is a simple pattern that needs little extra code. It builds on the singleton pattern, which is well known.
• Anyone using one of the creation methods to create the object is guaranteed to have an object in an identical state as the other users of the method.
• Objects that complicated or a lot of constructor parameters can be simplified.

Why is it bad?
• The class now has two responsibilities, the main purpose of the class plus the instantiation of its instances.
• The class can often grow in size as the creators in declared inside the class. This makes the class harder to read for a developer.

Further Reading
Read about the factory patterns.

More
Creation methods are a great first move towards using factories. Their concept is easy to grasp and doesn’t require much extra code. The class can grow quite big, quite quickly but it is up to you to spot when the acceptable size has been passed for you to put your refactoring hat on. I would use them when I have a graphical component that accepts integer colours as parameters or when I have components that need a lot of initial set up. In the example above I have colours specified as integers. To ensure that all of the buttons considered to be red or blue are the same shades of red or blue I protect users of my ComplicatedButton by adding creation methods with the colours hard coded. Once I have more than one group of setups I would refactor, replacing the creation method with a factory method.

Background Reading
None

The Problem?
You want to ensure you have only a single instance of an object and want global access to it. This may be because the object uses a resource, such as sounds, or because the object needs a lot of configuration, such as a currency formatter, or needs global access, an event dispatcher.

Examples?
Currency formatter, sound controller, global event dispatcher

How?
The Singleton:

package singletonpattern {

	/**
	 * @author eamonn faherty
	 */
	public class SocketManagerSingleton {
		private static var _instace : SocketManagerSingleton;

		public static function getInstace() : SocketManagerSingleton {
			ensureInstanceExists();
			return _instace;
		}

		private static function ensureInstanceExists() : void {
			if (_instace == null) {
				_instace = new SocketManagerSingleton();
			}
		}

		public function send(message : String) : void {
		}
	}
}

Example Usage:

package singletonpattern {
	import common.Example;		

	/**
	 * @author eamonn faherty
	 */
	public class SingletonPatternExample extends Example {

		public function SingletonPatternExample() {
			var socket : SocketManagerSingleton = SocketManagerSingleton.getInstace();

			socket.send("Hello world");
		}
	}
}

Why is it good?
• It works well; if you use an instance protector then you can be sure that only a single instance will exist.
• It is well understood; it is widely used in the actionscript world.
• It is easy to understand; it is a simple pattern that needs little extra code.
• It is easy to implement; actionscript allows us to check the caller of a method and allows us to use private classes.

Why is it bad?
• It tightly couples the classes that use the singleton to the fact that they are using a singleton.
• It is not possible to extend the singleton class if you wanted to add functionality.
• You cannot use your singleton class again; you cannot extend it or reuse it with composition.
• If you are unit testing a class that uses a singleton you need to add some code to your singleton to make testing possible.

Further Reading
Read about the factory and inversion of control patterns.